Optic nerve abnormalities in children: a practical approach.

Evaluation of children with optic nerve abnormalities is challenging. Fundus photography, ocular coherence tomography, visual field testing, color vision evaluation, neuroimaging, and genetic testing are helpful in the diagnosis and management of these patients. Importantly, many optic nerve problems are not isolated but occur in association with systemic and central nervous system anomalies. The ophthalmologist thus plays a critical role in recognizing patients who warrant systemic and neurologic assessment.